|
The National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) is a national, not-for-profit animal welfare organisation based in London that actively campaigns against animal testing for commercial, educational or scientific research purposes. == History == The NAVS of the UK is the world’s first anti-vivisection organisation, founded in 1875 by Frances Power Cobbe, a humanitarian who published many leaflets and articles opposing animal experiments, and gathered many notable people of the day to support its cause, including Queen Victoria and Lord Shaftesbury. Many of the social reformers of the day, working for children's rights and women's rights, supported the aims of the NAVS. The Society was formed on 2 December 1875 in Victoria Street, London, under the name of the Victoria Street Society. At the time there were about 300 experiments on animals each year. Public opposition to vivisection led the Government to appoint the First Royal Commission on Vivisection in July 1875; it reported its findings on 8 January 1876, recommending that special legislation be enacted to control vivisection. This led to the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876, which reached the statute book on 15 August 1876. This Act remained in force for 110 years, until it was replaced by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.〔 The Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 regulated legal vivisection, as well as providing secrecy to the vivisectors and to the laboratories, with no public accountability. The Home Office awarded licences to vivisectors in secret, the locations of laboratories were secret. No access was allowed, - whether Member of Parliament, media, public, or local authority. And so, the numbers of animals used and the number of licences awarded continued to rise for a century, protected by successive governments. However, opposition to vivisection also increased, and in 1897 the growing Victoria Street Society changed its name to the National Anti-Vivisection Society.〔 In 1969 NAVS formed the International Association against Painful Experiments on Animals (IAAPEA).〔David Henry Smyth — ''Alternatives to animal experiments'', p. 218 — Scolar Press, 1978 — OCLC 465121635〕 In 1990 the Society, having outgrown the premises in Harley Street it had occupied since 1964 (a move engineered by the then Secretary, Wilfred Risdon), moved to Goldhawk Road, London, with a subsequent move in 2006 to Millbank Tower, London. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Anti-Vivisection Society」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|